The Ana-Lution

“I’d like your opinion about this: There’s this guy I know who had two kids. He asked one kid to clean up his room and the kid stubbornly answered ‘No way!’ But after some thought, the kid changed his mind and cleaned up his room. The father went to his second kid and asked her to do the same thing. She answered, ‘Of course, Dad. Whatever you want.’ But she never did go to clean up her room. So which of these two did what their father wanted them to do?” They responded, “The first kid.” Jesus then said, “It is for this reason that the drug addicts and the sex workers will experience God’s utopia and you won’t. John showed you the way of God and you didn’t believe him so as to repent and be baptized. But the drug addicts and sex workers flocked to him to get a new start. You all saw this, but you still didn’t change your mind to repent and be baptized. Now listen to this story. A man owned a few blocks in an urban area, so he built a set of apartment buildings there, rented them out and then set managers over each building to keep them up and to collect the rent. Month after month, he sent employees to the managers to collect the proceeds, but the managers shut one out, beat up another, and another disappeared and was never heard from again. Then the owner sent groups of employees to collect his proceeds, and this started a gang war, but it didn’t get him a single dime. So then the owner sent his son figuring that the sight of him would cause the managers to reconsider their actions. But seeing the owner’s son at the door, the managers decided quickly that if the son was out of the way, the owner, being old and feeble, there being no one to care for the property after him, would just wither and fade away. So they grabbed the son, took him out of the city and killed him, leaving his body exposed to the elements. So let me ask you, what do you think the owner will do to those managers?” One answered, “He will call the police?” Everyone listening to this laughed. Then another said, “In his fury, he will do to those evil managers exactly what they did to him. He will kill them all and give the management to someone who will give to him what he deserves.” Jesus replied, “You are correct. So what is your problem? Haven’t you read in the Word, ‘The one whom the leaders rejected as a criminal has been chosen as the king of them all—and this is an amazing thing to see’? God’s nation will be taken away from you and given to a people who will give Him the proceeds he requires.”

Guesswork
Recently there has been a lot of discussion in theological circles about the reason for Jesus’ death. The idea of God demanding innocent human sacrifice for the justification of the masses just doesn’t seem ethical or just to many theologians. So people have been looking for other ideas, both ancient and modern, about what the death of Jesus was really about. Some say that Jesus was paying off Satan for the nations. Some say that God was demonstrating that nonviolent resistance is a more powerful weapon than violence. Some say that Jesus was showing how humans could demonstrate the sacrificial love of God. But all of these ideas have one thing missing: none of them look to Jesus for the reason he was dying.

The parable above is the only detailed explanation Jesus gave to his death and why it is significant. The parable of the managers is found in all three of the synoptic gospels (Matthew 21, Mark 12, Luke 20), and it stands at the crux of Jesus discussion with the elders and priests, who ended up sentencing Jesus to death. Because of this parable, in all three gospels, the elders and priests attempt to arrest Jesus to put him on trial, but only stop because of the crowd, which establishes their reasoning for obtaining Judas’ services. Thus, this parable not only explains Jesus’ thoughts for why he should die, but also why his killers thought it necessary to kill him.

Location, Location, Location
As a background to this parable, we need to understand what Jesus had recently done. First, he entered into Jerusalem on a colt, with his disciples (from Galilee) declaring him to be the king of Jerusalem. This was done to fulfill biblical prophecy that the Messiah, the proper king of Jerusalem, would come on a colt. The next day, Jesus went into the temple and ordered the moneychangers and sellers out of the temple, which the high priest specifically allowed them to do. Thus, Jesus was acting as an authority in Jerusalem. When the ruling priests and elders of all the Jewish people confronted him on his actions, he responded with the parable above.

Super Powers
The Sanhedrin and the High Priest were the rulers of the Jewish people throughout the world. This had been the case from the time of the Maccabees, when a priestly family took over the rule of Judea. Even the Romans, who had control of the land, recognized the power of the Sanhedrin and priests and so tried to direct the Jewish people by determining which of the family of Aaron would be high priest. So while the Romans and the Herods had political control of the physical resources of Israel, the priests and Sanhedrin had rule over the law and religious life of the Jewish people—thus, over their hearts. They were the real rulers of God’s chosen people.

Jesus understood this, and so he didn’t openly confront the Romans, but leveled his political concerns on the priests, the Sanhedrin and on the religious and political parties of the Jewish peoples—the Pharisees (powerful in Galilee and the diaspora) and the Sadducees (powerful in Jerusalem and in the Sanhedrin).

The other thing that was understood is that if a Davidic king ruled over the Jewish people, this would be king not only over God’s chosen people, but he would be God’s chosen emperor over the world, according the prophecies of Daniel. So to claim to be the rightful king of Jerusalem is to claim to be the replacement for Caesar. One of the common names for emperor, whether Roman or Jewish, is Son of God.

So, What’s The Point?
Now to the parable. Jesus uses the idea of the vineyard from Isaiah 5, where the vineyard is used as a metaphor for God’s nation. Jesus uses this idea and then adds the idea that the rule of God’s nation was “leased” to a group of managers. These managers are clearly meant to be the priests and elders who were currently ruling the Jewish people. These managers received a number of messengers from the true ruler of God’s people—the prophets who spoke for God. The prophets insisted that the managers give God the true proceeds of his people—obedience, the doing of God’s will.

Matthew especially emphasizes this aspect of obedience by placing the parable of the two children just before the parable of the managers. The two children heard the will of the father—for the people of Israel it is Jesus message, to do justice to the poor, to love your neighbors no matter who they are, to sacrifice oneself for love. But the managers rejected this message and so abused and killed the prophets.

So, in the parable, the owner decides to send his son. This is the Son of God, the king of God’s people, the emperor of the world. The current rulers, however, desire the rule of God’s people for themselves. So they kill the Son. In the parable, the purpose of the death of the Son is not to see the Son resurrected and rule again. Rather, it is to show the unworthiness of the rulers of God’s people.

Jesus is accusing the rulers of being the murderers of God’s messengers, the murderers of God’s emperor and the rejecters of God’s will. Because of all this, Jesus says, they will be rejected as God’s rulers. Not just rejected, Jesus says, but destroyed. Because they have killed God’s chosen ruler, he will come and destroy these upstarts—the priests and Sanhedrin, and all of the symbols of their rule, which is Jerusalem and the temple.

In a sense, with this extreme accusation, Jesus was setting himself up to be murdered. He knew that the priests and elders would receive this as a statement of enmity and rejection on Jesus’ part. And so they would work behind the scenes to kill Jesus.

Reversals
There is one other aspect that we have to recognize here. That Jesus is saying that his death not only is the level which causes God’s rejection of the unrighteous rulers of His people, but it is also the cause of a new set of rulers to be set over God’s people. Rulers who will give to God what he wants—obedience to God. These are rulers who have proven themselves by being persecuted as Jesus was. Rulers who display their faith through enduring devotion in the midst of humiliation, sacrifice and suffering.

What did Jesus really begin with his death? He began a process of religious power and leadership. The leaders who claim to speak for God will come from the anawim, and they must be respectful of the anawim. If the leaders reject or persecute the anawim, then God will reject those leaders and set them aside, replacing them with leaders who will allow the anawim to have a place of leadership. Jesus himself IS emperor, the ruler beside God to rule the whole world. But Jesus’ representatives are not the popes, bishops or synods made up of the wealthy and powerful. Rather, they are among the prophetic who live out God’s will among the poor, choosing to be poor themselves. And if the leadership of God’s people refuse to listen to these anawim, then Jesus will kick them out of leadership and establish a new people. He has done it before, and He can—and will—do it again if necessary.